قواعد اللغة الانكليزية | English Grammar

قواعد اللغه الانجليزيه...English Grammar

يقال أنّ لكل لغة خفايا , هنا نضع ما يصعب علينا من قواعد اللغه الانجليزيه و نتعاون في حل تمارينها المختلفة .

كل اسبوع رح حط درس بالقواعد وانشالله بفيد الكل يارب
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و بتمنى من كل واحد حابب يستفسر عن شي ان لا يتردد ...

رح بلش هالاسبوع بأقسام الكلام ورح احكي بالتفصيل عنها كلها يلي بتتألف من 8 اقسام

The Parts of Speech

Traditional grammar classifies words ****d on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection.
Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in one sentence and a verb or adjective in the next. The next few examples show how a word's part of speech can change from one sentence to the next, and following them is a series of sections on the individual parts of speech, followed by an exercise.
Books are made of ink, paper, and glue. In this sentence, "books" is a noun, the subject of the sentence.
Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets. Here "books" is a verb, and its subject is "Bridget."
We walk down the street. In this sentence, "walk" is a verb, and its subject is the pronoun "we."
The mail carrier stood on the walk. In this example, "walk" is a noun, which is part of a prepositional phrase describing where the mail carrier stood.

What is a Verb?

The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subjectof the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicateof a sentence.
In each of the following sentences, the verb or compound verb is highlighted:
Dracula bites his victims on the neck. The verb "bites" describes the action Dracula takes.
In early October, Giselle will plant twenty tulip bulbs. Here the compound verb "will plant" describes an action that will take place in the future.
My first teacher was Miss Crawford, but I remember the janitor Mr. Weatherbee more vividly. In this sentence, the verb "was" (the simple pasttense of "is") identifies a particular person and the verb "remembered" describes a mental action.
Karl Creelman bicycled around the world in 1899, but his diaries and his bicycle were destroyed. In this sentence, the compound verb "were destroyed" describes an action which took place in the past.

What is a Noun?

A noun is a word used to **** a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn. The highlighted words in the following sentences are all nouns:

Late last year our neighbours bought a goat. Portia White was an opera singer. The bus inspector looked at all the passengers' passes. According to Plutarch, the library at Alexandria was destroyed in 48 B.C. Philosophy is of little comfort to the starving
A noun can function in a sentence as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, a subject complement, an object
complement, an appositive, an adjective or an adverb



P.s by pressing on the colored words you will open a new page with the meaning of that word …I hope you will like it

thanks rawand
it realy good job
we can consider it a revising
as an english literature student

thank you very much rawand i wish all the members are going to interest this grammer

and thank you for all of your efforts

Noun Gender

Many common nouns, like "engineer" or "teacher," can refer to men or women. Once, many English nouns would change form depending on their gender -- for example, a man was called an "author" while a woman was called an "authoress" -- but this use of gender-specific nouns is very rare today. Those that are still used occasionally tend to refer to occupational categories, as in the following sentences.
David Garrick was a very prominent eighteenth-century actor. Sarah Siddons was at the ****** of her career as an actress in the 1780s. The manager was trying to write a want ad, but he couldn't decide whether he was advertising for a "waiter" or a "waitress

Noun Plurals

Most nouns change their form to indicate number by adding "-s" or "-es", as illustrated in the following pairs of sentences:
When Matthew was small he rarely told the truth if he thought he was going to be punished. Many people do not believe that truths are self-evident. As they walked through the silent house, they were startled by an unexpected echo. I like to shout into the quarry and listen to the echoes that return. He tripped over a box left carelessly in the hallway. Since we are moving, we will need many boxes. There are other nouns which form the plural by changing the last letter before adding "s". Some words ending in "f" form the plural by deleting "f" and adding "ves," and words ending in "y" form the plural by deleting the "y" and adding "ies," as in the following pairs of sentences:
The harbour at Marble Mountain has one wharf. There are several wharves in Halifax Harbour. Warsaw is their favourite city because it reminds them of their courtship. The vacation my grandparents won includes trips to twelve European cities. The children circled around the headmaster and shouted, "Are you a mouse or a man?" The audience was shocked when all five men admitted that they were afraid of mice. Other nouns form the plural irregularly. If English is your first ********, you probably know most of these already: when in doubt, consult a good dictionary.

If we have a specific number of things we have to use Both
I want both tables

أريد تلك أل 3 طاولات مثلاً في حال كان الشخص في محل بيع طاولات ، هنا both is pronouns

If both means ( adjective) we have to use of after it.

متى نستعمل Whose
We use it when we have the following pronouns ( my- your- his- their- her- its-our-your)
( هذا مع الأشخاص)
و مع الحيوانات
و مع الأشياء
استعمال whose مع الحيوانات و الأشياء

The use of whose is common in this case. For example, this actor represented three actions. ( His ) play is good
This actor, whose play is good, represented three actions.

Uses of must:

1- You must come here whenever I call you. Here, the use of must means obligation ( الإلزام )
2- The use of must means ( من المحتمل جداً )

If I studied as hard as I says, I must pass the examination.
3- must expresses past :
The lesson is finished; I must have studied it all night.
4- must expresses future, its means should:
You must ( should ) be more polite next time.
5- If an answer means obligation, we have to use must
Need I take you with me every time? Yes, you must.
If an answer means the right of option , we have to use needn't
Must I eat all this breakfast? No, you needn't.

Note: have to is used when there is an order or a rule
Must is used when there isn't an order or a rule.

Many many thanks to you our lovely teacher RAWND

You are reminding me with so many rules which I already forgot it

It's worthy and helpfull lessons. I hope to all student to take the benefit from it as much as they can

Again thanks a lot, and go ahead we are following your lessons one by one

اليوم رح احكي عن أدوات العطف

Conjunctions

Conjunctions, like prepositions, relate words and word groups.
1. Coordinating conjunctions:They link words or word groups of the same type:

and for or yet
but nor so
Maher and Salwa have little in common. ( two nouns linked)
Samer skydives, but Philip is afraid of ******s. ( two independent clauses linked)
Philip must choose whether to read or to write. ( two infinitives linked)
2. Correlative conjunctions:They are word pairs that link words or word groups of the same type:
both . . . and neither . . . nor
either . . . or not . . . but not only . . . but also
Both Maher and Salwa play chess. ( two nouns linked )
They neither smile nor frown during a game.
3. Subordinating conjunctions:They link clauses so that one clause is incorporated as a modifying part of another clause. Some subordinating conjunctions are although, because, if, unless, while.
Ahmad came to school although he was ill.

The subordinating conjunction although makes the clause he was ill subordinate to the clause Ahmad came to school. The subordinate clause tells something about the conditions under which Ahmad came to school. It is actually an adverbial modifier that can be moved within the sentence:
Although Ahmad was ill, he came to school.
4. Conjunctive adverbs: Independent clauses may be linked not only with coordinating conjunctions but also with conjunctive adverbs. In linking two independent clauses, a conjunctive adverb modifies the clause following it.
The flood left ten inches of mud in the hotel. Nevertheless, the Optimist Club held its regularly scheduled meeting there.
Common conjunctive adverbs are listed below:
accordingly furthermore meanwhile similarly
also however moreover still
besides nevertheless now therefore
These words can also serve as simple adverbs.
She was finally gone.
However ugly Salem was, he will remain in our hearts.
Reference:
Kirkland, James . W & Dilworth , Collett. B Concise English Handbook Houghton Mifflin Company 1983